Of Mice and Men - Essay - Lonely Characters Discussion Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Essay Lonely Characters Discussion EssayIn the opening chapter of Of Mice and Men John Steinbeck immediately introduces the theme of loneliness and the reality of hands living very(prenominal) temporary lives with no real thrill. Loneliness is an inevitable fact of life that not even the strongest can avoid. Throughout the invention, readers discover umteen sources of loneliness and isolation.Candy is an old counterpane worker who lost his hand a few years back while working. He is a unfrequented man who owns an old, smelly, disabled dog that can hardly walk. This really was his only companion. In the end his dog was shot. Candys life was heading in the isolation direction even further. The quote on page 59 Spose I went in with you guys. Thats three hundred and fifty bucks Id put in. Howd that be? This was his effort to try and bring together in with George and Lennies dream ranch.Crooks is a black Negro Stable Buck who wears glasses and has a busted bac k. He is an extremely lonely man and believably the loneliest in the novel due to his complexion. He is treated by the others in a rude manner and is left sitting in his little dwell helpless with an uncomfortable bed which makes his back worse. The quote on page 67-68 You got no right to come into my room. This heres my room. Nobody got any right in here but me. This is how he reacted to the treatment he was getting, but in the end he was quiet a nice guy to know.Curleys Wife is a very lonely woman who wears red mules, has red fingernails, full rouged lips and hair rolled in clusters. She has no name throughout the entire book to pay back how insignificant a person she is. Her life with her husband was nothing to do with loving each other because she didnt even like Curley because he was not a nice bloke. The quote on page 87 Coulda been in the movies, an had nice clothes tells us that her ambition was to become an actor. In the end she stop up being murdered by Lennie after t rying to become his friend.George and Lennie, although unhappy at times, are not lonely, because they share a very close lodge with each other, and have traveled together ever since Lennies Aunt Clara died. The only thing that seems to keep them working for next to nothing is the thought of owning their own ranch someday. In the final chapter Lennie states triumphantly on page 103 An I got you. We got each other, thats what, that gives a hoot in hell about us. In the end George felt up he had to shoot Lennie himself, so that he would die instantly, rather than suffer as Curley killed him slowly and painfully. Lennies murder was Georges final act of friendship. But it also ended their long friendship and now George would be lonely as he traveled around from job to job.In conclusion the loneliest people in this story are Crooks, Candy and Curleys Wife. The friendship between George and Lennie was a strong bond all throughout the story, but it all ended when tragically George shot Le nnie because he could no longer protect him any further.

George W. Bush more like T. Roosevelt as opposed to Taft and Wilson Essay Example for Free

George W. provide more like T. Roosevelt as opposed to Taft and Wilson EssayPresident George W. Bushs post September 11th polity for sure shows great resemblances to President Theodore Roosevelts foreign policy more than that of Taft or Wilson. Roosevelt had a more stern policy, encouraging the forceful defense of the nation and the dissemination of democracy and Christian ideals to less fortunate countries. This was very much so a direct correlation to what Bush tried to do Tafts policy emphasized economic ideals in that he argued the US should lend out money and help countries elevate their economic status in order for the forward motion of peace and prosperity throughout the world. Wilsons policy emphasized morality, and the nice guy dissentpoint of how the US should carry out obligations. Consequently, President George Bushs policy is a better reflection of President Theodore Roosevelts policy more than Tafts or Wilsons policy because of the military and governmental ideals that the twain policies share.President Bushs post September 11 policy reflects Roosevelts is because of the swift, stern actions that Bushs administration took after the attacks on the nation. As Bush sent the troops over to Iraq quickly and in great numbers, the administration sent a candid and stern message. The United States would not stand for an attack on its soil, and those who did so would receive grave punishment for their actions. This message echoes the morals behind the big Stick policy. Just as Theodore Roosevelt once said, come up to softly and carry a big stick. Theodore Roosevelt believed that power was an important and unavoidable thing in foreign affairs.He also noted in his increment to the Monroe Doctrine (c alled the Roosevelt Corollary) that if any nation in the western Hemisphere appeared in a political or fiscal situation that would allow for European control, the US should intervene. With an imperialistic outlook on the world, Roosevelt made the U S a nation that constantly intervened and helped Latin American countries avoid European interference in the Western Hemisphere. Examples of this lie in Theodore Roosevelt actions when he made Cuba a protectorate, took Guam and Puerto Rico, as well as when he ventured out and involved the United States in the counterinsurgency of the Philippines all in order to fortify the existence of democracy and Christianity and help the individuals of the nations govern themselves.These ideals and policies were mirrored in Bushs actions when the US troops inhabited the position easternmost, and the Bush administration took it upon itself to take advantage of their occupancy of the lands by spreading its ideals of democracy and correct political procedures. By doing this, the Bush Administration had essentially identify these locations in the Middle East as lesser fortunate nations, deemed themselves fit to help these regions, and force their help past the governments of the regions and to the people. This decision and series of actions greatly resembles the actions and opinions of Roosevelts Corollary.Tafts policy by contrast, was more of the United States venturing out to foreign land allowing for each foreign nations gradual acquiring of political and economic power through US investment in the countries infrastructures, which has little to do with Bushs initial choice to attack the Middle East after September 11. Taft used Dollar Diplomacy, instead of military force. He wanted control and to aid businessmen in the US, and was in strong prefer of solving problems via economic gist rather than militarily.He saw his policy as humanitarian, for stabilization improved the living scale and conditions. For instance, in Nicaragua during 1912, the government would disrespect on its debts, which might mean European intervention. The US offered to loan money (by private men) if the US could have some supervision over Nicaraguan finances. Bushs post September 11 policy does n ot mirror this because he was in favor of military force and making it known militarily that the US could not be attacked without grave punishment.Wilson however based his policy on Morality. Bushs post September 11th policy did not wholly reflect Wilsons policy because Wilsons Missionary policy aimed more in the direction of seeking peace and prosperity by means of creating pathways for institutions to branch out globally while Bushs aim after the September 11 attacks was to retaliate forcefully and brutally (neither of which was peaceful). For instance, when the Japanese attempted, in the notorious Twenty-one Demands (1915), to reduce China almost to the status of a Japanese protectorate, he persuaded them to modify their conditions slightly. The Twenty-One Demands required that China immediately vacate its leasing of territory to foreign powers and to ascent to Japanese control over Manchuria and Shandong (Shantung) among other demands. Such persuasion as opposed to attack and f orcefully making the US point reveals the difference between Bushs and Wilsons policy.Consequently, it is evident that President Bushs post September 11 policy outmatch resembles Roosevelts big stick diplomacy. Roosevelts policy was based on pragmatism as well as the idea of the nations obligatory retaliation to threats and attacks on the nations soil. His belief in the United States obligation to help foreign nations in need of political/military economic aid is also a part of his policy. After the September 11th attacks, each of these ideals was echoed in President George W. Bushs new foreign policy in that he reacted to the tragedy through military retaliation and force. Additionally once occupying the lands, the Bush administration chose to assist the Iraqi people and help them acquire the participatory ideals the US holds so dearly.

Discussing The Challenges Faced In Business

Discussing The Ch onlyenges Faced In BusinessMost lapse management executive today argon faced with challenge of creating infract ways of doing moving in in doing this , the clients provoke becomes the direct foc enjoymentd .In fact , close to organisation today, opine that a comp alls success front effectively on managing blood with customers . In achieving this companies take a crap adopted distinct electronic business application program that would generally suit its mission and objective, E-business OBrien state is the use of the internet and other net travel application, to process data of customers and business partner at heart a new worked enterprise (OBrien, 2005) . customer kin management application has becomes a key element at heart e-business formation which most organisation have already adopted.The Customer relationship management application has been developed by most software companies a desire oracle, Sales force ,SAP and Seibel .The focused of this pap er though is greatly on CRM application called SAPCO developed by SAP and how a UK top home improvement companies ,BQ has been able to use it to develop that relationship with customers .1.1 AIM AND OBJECTIVESThe analysis is this paper will show amongst other thing, how this application has accounted in round(prenominal) ways for the success and grow of customers loyalty of BQ over the years ,it will besides look at the business challenge associated with the use of the body within BQ and by extension, the use of similar Customer relationship management systems supports by SAP in other organisation and importantly too, analyzing the ethical issues associated with applied science.1.2 METHODOLOGYA lot of recent articles and text books played a signifi privyt role in this work .Internet sources too , nookie non be underestimated alongside comments ,by way of interview conducted with some with some BQ staff who were there when the system was introduced and other who have been using the system for years now.2.0 CRM TECHNOLOGY AND SAPCustomer relationship management technology arsehole up in the mid twentieth century as a result of the most management executive identifying the need to improved relationship with customer and in that way improve business efficiency. The general maxim that the customers are always right seemed to take a more descriptive typeset as companies were now committed on doing whatever it takes to deliver the promise made (Nguyen et al 2007) .This is where technology comes into pay to create this needs business value. This is as well as where to business executive brainstorming on aborting the best application that would enhance better incorporate over their operation. Customer relationship management application aid organisation assess customers loyalty and profitability on measures such as repeat purchase, dollars spent and longevity (Popovice et al 2003)It is important to disparateiation that Customer relationship management is l ike other E-commerce application, a combination of people, process and technology that seek to understand a companys customers . (Chen et al 2003) SAP happens to be one of the ahead(p) vendors for enterprise resource planning system, ERP. ERP systems are software package that permit companies to have more actual control over their operation. A typical CRM application will encompass the entire element in the diagram in figure 1 belowSale Market and fulfillment-Cross sell-Up-sellCustomerService and supportContact and AccountManagementFax e-mailTelephone webProspect or customersales(OBrien, 2005)The diagram in figure 1 above show clearly that indeed ,the customer is the focus and all other aspect revolved around it ,aimed at gull the customer happy and by extension the business gaining repeat visit through customer loyalty .Now, in this SAP major strength in this application, includes the extensive capability of the softwares functional these and many other reason may have formed tha t reason why a boastful organisation like BQ picked sap to provide application .2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW2.1.1 NEED FOR CRMAs the power of the seller shifts to the buyer (Watson, 2002) organizations are realizing that competing with cheaper, better or different products is not sufficient, and competitive advantage dissolvenot be achieved by purely differentiating products alone, but through enhanced customer relationships .At the same period, customers are experiencing low switching costs and could substantially redirect their loyalty from one company to another (Holcom, 2001). Their expectations have excessively risen in recent years, making Customer relationship management a necessity in todays customer-driven business environment (S.L. Pan, J.N. Lee, 2003).Previous research has sh protest that it costs more to attract new customers than concur customers because of advertising and merchandising costs .This substance that, instead of differentiating products, organizations shou ld differentiate customers (M. Nykamp, 2001) and they should shift their emphasis on market share to customer share (M. Rogers, 1993).Research has also indicated that organizations must not only retain their customers but also expand the useful lifespan of customers with the organization ( Zeithaml, 2002 ) by means of IT. Through such technologies, one-to-one relationships (D. Peppers and M. Roger, 1993).Value creation (Barnes, 2001) customer value analysis, product and website customization are possible on a scale that was not possible in the past (M. Nykamp, 2001). According to the 80/20 rule, 20% of customers provide organizations with 80% of sales (Ryals and Knox, 2001). This further emphasizes the need for organizations to retain and engage in long-term relationships with profitable customers to maximize profits (J. Galbreath, 1998).SAP IN BQ.SAPCO is an acronym in BQ that stands from SAP Custer shape system .it is a system being used by BQ to process customers orders, monito r customer transaction and enhance better customer relationship. BQ China, part of Kingfisher base plc, is one of the top three global decorations and building materials groups. The group employs the equivalent of more than 10,000 full-time staff, serving a market arse worth around $40 billion. Just like all customer relationship system, SAPCO enable BQ to answer question around what product or service are customer? How should we travel by with our customers? What are my customers favourite colours or what is my customers size? (Popovvich, 2003). With SAPCO these question would be answered within minutes from customers transaction histories and processes.Businesses and individuals working on refurbishment projects are bloom of youth sales opportunities for the Decoration Centers service at BQ China. However, the workflow designed to track these opportunities relied on paper-based tonuss of project requirements, status, sales and value, and staff kept diaries to make follow-up ca lls. essential contract sales data was collected and collated manually, a process that took months, before central departments could analyze the results of marketing campaigns (http//www-01.ibm.com). Before BQ introduced SAPCO, orders where made via paper and ink .And when I interviewed BQ staff they confirmed that it was and herculean task. Mistake and long queues were that order of the day the employees found it very backbreaking with the stress associated with manual way of taking order from customers. The introduction of SAPCO has made all this problem history, customer can now go any of B Q store through to the UK and have their orders complete within a few minutes.3.1 THE SAPCO PROCESSA potential drop customer who wants to buy goods from any BQ stores across the UK come in to the shop and meet with a customer adviser who will help the customer to look for what hi want and help the customer to process the order in the system .before the can be done the customer must have a u ser give ear and password unique to the individual alone this what the employer will us in enter into the SAPCO application .in the case of the first time customer the customer adviser with request the customer to provide some personal details like name in full, house address, postcode, phone number these information will be describe into the system after that ,the item number or the barcode number is keyed into the system and an order go unders . SAPCO will run through the system and identify where the item is, if it is in stock or needs to be ordered from outside(a) the store and if so this process begins immediately. At this point again, the customer is asked about the quantity of goods to be ordered which is entered into the system. A quotation is also prepared by SAPCO if required by customer.Once the order has been done successfully, the order is checked by both the BQ staff and the customer to make sure the order is correct. The place of delivery of the item is then conf irmed from the customer. The charges of delivery are automatically calculated by SAPCO. Then after the customer is issued a sales advice note which he takes to the checkout stand to make payment. If the item is not in store, SAPCO automatically orders the item and also states the date of delivery. This most times takes between four-spot to six weeks (www.diy.com). It also uses the sales confirmation to control its finances effectively. This is done by clients payment for items in BQ can automatically and payments to supplies are included in the central cash flow furcating reports generated by the SAPCO financial application.Again, if the customer had done business with BQ before then and wants information about his earlier order or make a new one the staff need just ask for the postcode and customer number which would be used in placement the transaction history of the customer. Queries if any are spotted and sorted. Another angle to this system is once the order has been picked u p, the BQ staff must go back to the system, wrap up on the item across the individuals name. He then goes to the collection section and confirms after which he prints two copies of the collection note. A copy of the collection note is kept by BQ and the other unsigned is given to the customer. This affirms to both BQ and the customer that item has been picked and transaction completed.One of the key benefits of SAPCO is that it cerebrate up all the departments in BQ so a customer can walk to any sales advisor and ask about an order. The necessary information is taken off the customer at the nearest computer system available and the order is immediately displayed.3.2 BENEFIT OF SAPCO AS A CRM TOOLIt has greatly improved the ordering system in BQ. The ordering of products is done faster thereby enhancing business. It has also enabled BQ to measure its customers loyalty better through the awareness of the history of customer transaction. It also manages customers documents better as it is fully integrated in the companys business system. Prior to the use of SAPCO customer details were held on paper indicates, with key project milestones used as the triggers to remind customers to return to the stores. It was difficult to share information between different departments, such as keeping a record of product recommendations and noting project status, and potential opportunities are not always pursued. Angela Dong, Senior Project carriage, comments, A customer usually spends some time consulting with BQ staff, and may visit other shops to compare prices or consider alternatives. With customer information held on paper, it was all too easy to miss the follow-up sales opportunity to invite them to select BQ.Through this system and via the internet, customers have 24 hours access to their account. This enables them good assess their account anytime. This has also helped reduced cost for the company. The usual logistics of making orders manually has been greatly redu ced. Delivery of items and introduce of goods has improved greatly improved. This system works in a way that staffs handling delivery immediately see an order has been made and paid for indeed they are aware that there is another order waiting to be delivered. With all customer and project data captured electronically, BQ is able to identify the right time to follow up with customers and maximize sales opportunities. BQ central management is able to adjust marketing campaigns in response to actual sales made, respond to get for specific products, and monitor payments and cash flow. The result is that BQ is able to tailor its business more closely to the needs of customers, creating a genuine competitive advantage. It also a solution that that would serve customers better by providing detailed knowledge of stock levels and replenishment times, and, of course, accurate pricing, across all our stores. Customers are the most valuable assets of any company peculiarly during this pres ent economic situation and which SAPCO helps improves the volume of customers. According to Ian Anthony, Technical Infrastructure Programme Manager, BQ the customer ordering system in cross we have seen a huge increase in the volume of customer orders going through since the systems been implemented. The data gathered from SAPCO helps BQ to track projects status and ensure in high spirits quality which ultimately helps to improve customer satisfaction level. Due to the implementation of SAPCO information is completely transparent and managers are able to adjust sales and marketing strategies depending on actual data from current purchasing trends rather than having to wait for data to be complied by hand at the store level and afterwards sent to the head office which normally take up to three months. (http//www-01.ibm.com). There is also an immediate visibility of the number of orders or contract which in other words means that SAPCO has improved both management and customer effi ciency.3.3 CHALLENGES OF SAPCO IN BQThe challenges of SAPCO differ from staff to staff. While some staffs believe is to be a total disaster others feel that there are ups and downs associated with its effective use. Some of which are listed belowThe speed of the internet which mainly depends on the network providing the lodge as been identified as one of the major challenges. There are some times a completion of order could prove a difficult task as it could take up to ten minutes to move from one page to another. This customer is made in this voice to wait for an unjustified period of time. For the system to work efficiently a stable and secure internet network must be available.Another big issue is the clement side associated with it. Most have not come to properly appreciate the system so sometimes information is incorrectly entered. This is properly due to overleap of enough training on the system or the staffs personal decision not to imbibe proper procedure.Data Collectio n And Processing Management spotBusiness management most times is centred on decision making. However, this aspect within most organisations is the central role of managers. Managers are faced daily with the challenges of climax up with processes that would enhance the effective running of the business. The use of information systems like the CRM technology has formed a critical role of this responsibility and to a large extend has improved this role.Most of the decisions managers have to make now have become web based either through the internet or networking applications which foster the information processing. According to Loudon, managers can now automate certain decision procedure (for example , determining the highest price that can be charged for a product to maintain market share or the highest amount of materials to maintain in inventory to maximise efficient customer response and product profitability). Loudon Loudon 2002 pg. 404).Organisations have a hierarchy of decis ion makers. This hierarchy in many ways enhances the smooth running of companies. Within the organisation there are the following strategical Management The manager here are aided with decision around the long time value of the company and most times described as unstructured (George Steiner).Tactical Management- Managers here are concerned with medium term planning. They monitor the performance of the organisation, control budget, allocate resources and set budget (Bocij 2003 pg.18).Operational Management- Manager here directly handles the running of the business. Decisions here are highly structured as they affect the business directly and are felt at the mo it is taken. Managers here implements budget and apply them to business.For instance the decision by BQ to adopt SAPCO as a customer relationship management tool for such a large organisation would have been exclusively strategic. However, setting out the budget and planning ahead for the system would have been tactical and implementation would have been by the operation managers.Most CRM application has failed due to poor business management. However, BQs SAPCO has been in use for more than seven years and it is still recording success on a daily basis. Managers can now ascertain the items that are in great need and hence proactively stock them.SAPCO greatly supports operational and tactical decisions in BQ. This SAP enabled system also provides report, giving managers a comprehensive view of the firms performance. It also features corporate performance metrics, simulations and planning tools. (Loudon Loudon 2002 pg 423). Through this system, management can easily view their performance level and also the areas that need to be improved upon.As an enterprise resource planning system, SAPCO brings all the units together into one entity and thereby having a better control of operation. This ultimately provides a better link with their supplier and distributors hence the main goal of servicing the custo mer is achieved. The integration of business systems has enabled management reach beyond their own corporate walls to better connect with suppliers, distributors and end customers. (Gupta 2000).Sales are better managed especially with the use of the internet although this could also be a shortcoming since it means the system is dependent on the internet connection which it has no power over. However, the internet greatly supports the application. Managers at different levels can track sales at different locations and this gives them a better understanding of the business irrespective of how large the organisation maybe.The rewards of an effective CRM technology like SAPCO are indeed enormous. Steve Gilman, BQI director and BQ UK board director BQI has described the benefits of adopting SAP Retail as better customer availability and cost reductions. Gilman says, We can record sales and margin accurately and as a result have boosted our margins. We have given ourselves a lead over our competitors.(www.ciber.com.au/). Business chief executives can now stay ahead of the competition with greater focus on the customer than the competitors. On the management side cost are reduces and more tax income is made from increased sales.Ethical Challenges In Customer Relationship ManagementWhen a new technology is introduced into a business, it comes with its challenges. Its use even creates more challenges which in many ways affect its users. ethical motive is one area of great concern to effective business management and information technology most effectively. Ethics refers to the principles of right and wrong that individual, acting as free moral agents, can use to make choice to guide their behaviour. (Laudon Laudon 2002 pg 468)Business ethics is crucial especially to management. It is something managers confront with everyday and have to deal with as the situation presents itself. OBrien speaks of a situation in which he states that as a business professional, you hav e a responsibility to promote ethical uses of information technology in the workplace. (2005 pg.380). In todays business world, issues of ethics range around privacy, intellectual airscrew, security and even synthetic rubber issues. Managers must make sure that its stakeholders interests are well defend when issues of this sort arise.5.1 Information Systems And Ethics5.1.1 Privacy- The issues of privacy have become one of growing concern as regards information systems in todays business environment. Alter identifies two crucial areas in this personal privacy, which talks about the ability of an individual to avoid undesirable instructions into personal time. Space and property (2002, pg.287), and the information privacy which deals with the the ability of the individual to determined when, how and to what extent personal information is communicated to others (2007, pg 287).Privacy issues generally can be spotted in a lot of areas, today organisations, through use of the intranet within offices, can monitors mails that staff send across the organisation and also find out the sites they are visiting. This in a lot of ways infringes on their rights of privacy as individuals. That is why most individuals how prefer to send all private mails from their homes. However, the CRM technology is one area that this becomes very crucial. Companies in the process of conduction business with customers, gather a lot of personal information of its customers, for instance BQ, with its SAPCO system. Most of customers personal details are taken by the system. It now dwells on managers and staffs alike to make sure that this information of customers are well protected from abuse.However, over the years there had been codes like the code of fair information practices (Alter 2002, pg.290) created in the US to ensure that customers are to large extent in control of information released from being used for other things without their consent.5.1.2 Health Issues- This is a very criti cal issue especially as information technology in the work place raises a variety of health issues. Heavy use of computer is reportedly causing health problems like job stress, damaged arm and sleep with muscles, eye strain radiation exposure and even death by computerised caused death. O Brien 2005, pg 395). There are times when placing an order for customers on the system can take ages and these in cases are linked to a slow system of internet and how voluminous the order is. In tackling this issue, what BQ has done is making sure that staffs have at least two breaks within a situation working day to ease of the stress that could be associated with this. A day off in the week is also given to staff. In this way, they probably foreseen the issues greatly minimised.5.1.3 Property Issue- In information technology, this is often referred to as intellectual property which literally links to ownership of an idea or a product. This is very important in business. However, the internet r aises some new challenges (Rowley 2002, pg. 244). Issues to be considered in terms of this include alternate secrets, copyright and patents.a. Trade secrets- These are very crucial corporate issues as most times. They are associated with companys brand image and identity. They are often regarded as assets that if infringed upon can be sued in the court of law. In 2007, Oracle sued and accused SAP of hacking into its computer networks and stealing vital product information (BBC News 2007). Prevention this now, companies who own products must find ways of making sure that employees protect these from competitors and public generally.b. Copyright- These refer to a law or statutory grant that protects creators of intellectual property from having their works copied by others for any purpose for a period of 28 years. Laudon Laudon 2002, pg. 479). Despite the fact that companies like Oracle, Siebel, Sap, Salesforce all developed CRM. However, there are particular areas which are unique to this companies that cannot be taken from them. Also companies that use SAP products like BQ (SAPCO) and Virgin cosmetics (MYSAP) all have customised products which are peculiar to their companies which must be protected.6.0 Security Management In Information SystemIt is not enough to create systems within organisation, management must put certain measures in place to ensure that these information are well secured.

Katharina Reiss Text Typology

Katharina Reiss Text TypologyReiss displacement-oriented school school text edition-typology provides a systematic approach to variant. More interestingly, it approaches translation at the text level. This essay will examine Reiss typology with focus on parting the irrigate, published in National Geographic, a monthly clipping that borders on science, geography, hi chronicle and culture.REISS TEXT-TYPOLOGYReiss sees translation as an act of communication whereby the translator acts as a medium (secondary sender). This presupposes that a message has to be passed across, from the primary sender ( obtain text) to the secondary receiver ( butt text). The major media are the source language and the target language. The rail here is to produce a target language text that is functionally equivalent to the source language text (Reiss 1971160). This means the source text should be the consultative point for the translator. In order to achieve this functional equivalence, Reiss propos es a functional approach of text-typology. This approach takes into account the communicative functions of a source text as a basis for translating into the target text. In other rule books, a target text that does not have the same function as the source text is not entirely a translation, but what Reiss calls transfer (ref here). Reiss text-typology includes a two-phase approach in translating a text Phase of analytic thinking and phase of reverbalization. The analysis phase basically involves establishing the text type, genre and style (linguistic form).The phase of analysis is the most important as that is what would inform the translation method acting to social function.Text-type of region the WatersReiss identifies three text-types according to their communicative function namely the informative type (communication of content), the expressive type (communication of artistically organised content) and the operative type (communication of content with a persuasive characte r). There is another hyper-type which she calls the audio-medial text type. This is more of a super-ordinate term for the other three and does not concern the text in chief since it is a written text. Parting the Waters tramp be seen chiefly as an informative text type first given the context of the text magazine and second beca give it gives factual information about a place Korea, and the geographical events that take place there. The translation strategy recommended in this case by Reiss should therefore focus on conveying content.Text variety (genre) of Parting the WatersThis stage has to do with the conventions of structure and language adopted by the text. However, Reiss explains that they may take issue according to varied cultures. The importance of this is to be able to surface a functionally equivalent convention in the target text culture. In this light, Parting the Waters is a kind of popular scientific text. This suggests also that it seeks a wider auditory sense other than scientists. This leads to the final stage of analysis style.Style in Parting the WatersThe final stage of analysis has to do with detai lead semantic, syntactic and pragmatic analysis of the language use (Reiss 1971166). Ordinarily, one would expect that when a text is an informative type, even the language used should be such that it is aimed only at giving facts. But that is often not the case, as Reiss herself admits not in one single language do form and function show a 11 relation (166). Hence, looking at the text, one would find a similar occurrence. The text has expressive language such as the internal rhymes tides, divine, divide of 15 feet. There is also an allusion to a scriptural story not divine interventions, an expression that answers the presupposition in the title itself Parting the Waters. Reiss thus considers this stage of analysis the most important, as the translator is faced with a determinative battle on what would inform the translation the langua ge or the function of the text. At this point, Reiss posits that if using an equivalent language style may weigh on the content of the text, then the translator should stick to the predominant function of the text.Translating Parting the Waters to Yorb limitationsTaking into consideration the content-focused function of the text, the translator is expected to employ a method that would achieve the same function as that of the target text by translating according to the sense and meaning (Reiss 1971167). This suggests that the meaning conveyed by the target text should be equivalent to the meaning in the source text. For this to be achieved, Reiss adds that what is conveyed implicitly in the SL text should be explicated in the TL and vice versa (167). cosmos a popular science text, and specifically about geography, Parting the Waters has terms such as peninsula, southwestern, mile, width, feet, and spring. While more or less of them might have some kind of equivalence (i.e. peninsu la, mile width) in , a climatic description like spring poses a bother because Yorb neither has a word nor group of words for it. This is basically due to the different weather conditions. The question is what should the translator convey here? This is important because spring as used in the text plays a major role in the content by telling us when an event takes place. The only alternative here would be to supervene upon the word with the time of the year this season happens in Korea. The problem with this is that it might salmagundi the meaning, as the sense of season is different from the calendar year. This aspect of the translation problem seems to call on Nidas gloss translation of formal equivalence, that is, the use of footnotes in order to make the text fully comprehensible (Nida 1964129). What this means is that Reiss method is not sufficient to solve this translation problem.In talking about divine interventions, the text makes allusion to a biblical story about the Red Sea. This could be because the author had a target audience in mind and presumes they know about the story in the Bible. Although this can also be linked to the use of expressive language, it is however difficult to ignore the fact that this type of language use plays a role in the text- to maintain the interest of the reader. If the original audience for the source text were scientists, there is doubt as to whether expressive language would have been used at all, since all that would be needed are facts. The question is whether or not to include it in the translation. The answer to this is dependent on another question who are the audience? Sacrificing the expressive form might change the text to an entirely scientific or historic one. This means a different readership, as it may not appeal to a common reader. The problem here is that Reiss method overlooks the fact there is an addressee for even an informative text type. She acknowledges this only in the text variety stage. Commu nication itself is not complete without a receiver, in this case the audience.The title, Parting the Waters, also draws attention. It first makes the reader think of the biblical story of the red sea, and then makes a reader assume that is what the text is about. But this effect can only be achieved based on a shared knowledge between the author and the reader about the biblical story of the Red Sea. This assumption too must have been informed by the fact that the author had an audience in mind. However, the author quickly attends to this low density and possible misconception by the following opening sentence Tides, not divine interventions, divide Unfortunately, the target language (Yorb) audience is a mixture of different religions. In this text the title performs an expressive function, but that is not to say its predominant function is expressive. Since it is an informative text, one would expect again that the title would be informed by the major content being conveyed. But t his is not the case. Moreover, attractive titles seem to be a common feature of this genre. This is also a common feature of Yorb magazines (ref here). The question here is since content is the aim, should the target title be informed by the content alone and leave the use of expressive language? This of course is possible, as Reiss already advises on ignoring such language use especially if it will weigh on the content. The translation can simply have pa-n kun Korea which means The Path between Korean Waters. The consequence of this however is that it might not appeal to the wider audience except a few, specialists. This brings up again the question who are the audience? Reiss considers this an appropriate factor only when the function of the target text is different from the source text (Reiss 1971170). What her typology fails to key is that both source and target texts can have the same function (as in the case of Parting the Waters) but different addressees.CONCLUSIONWhile Reis s translation-oriented text-typology provides a systematic method of approaching a translation task, it does not provide a complete solution for some problems in English to Yorb translation of Parting the Waters. This suggests that it is not absolute that a text function will provide a translation strategy. Fawcett (1997 107) makes this same pointThere is simply no necessary link between text function and translation strategy. Just because we have identified a text functiondoes not mean that we are led inexorably to any logical or translation-scientific imperative to take this function as an overriding parameter to which we subordinate our translation decisions.This further suggests that other translation theories are valid and useful to the extent to which they proffer a solution to a translation problem.

strategic analysis of mcdonalds in india

strategical analysis of mcdonalds in indiaMcDonalds vision is to be the worlds best quick service eating house experience. Being the best means providing step to the forestanding quality, service, cleanliness, and value, so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile.Values.Our values summarized in Q.S.C V. Provide right quality, services to customer. Have cleanliness environment when customer enjoys their meal .The value of food product makes every customer is smiling.Executive Summary.This documentation is mainly about the line of credit strategies of McDonalds in India how it applies their strategies to interact with external environment.This discussed the following Porters models to imply the partys strategies in detailPorters Generic Strategy analysis.(Use to identify the strategies to select)Porters Value Chain analysis. (Use to identify the value bowed stringed instrument activities to choke off the system.)As a fast food community, the rivals that it ha s faced in the Indian economy during the implementation the strategies they applied, and the strategy changes according to different shoess reports from this document.Porters generic strategy analysis of McDonalds is mainly on its unique characteristic applied in India, companys commitment dedication bear onn to reach the success in the Indian market. It shows McDonalds demarcation strategies that took place during the banking crisis which lead to global economy recession how it affected the Indian economy.Through Porters Value Chain Analysis this document tries to highlight McDonalds primary activities support activities of their production process, applied in India. Through this analysis, it shows the factors influencing the company performance, coordination between firms in the industry their quality support services as well. Also, report tends to discuss the situation of other competitors in the industry, their performance and position in the Indian market.Finally, this report implies that low cost focus strategy can keep a company to survive in the recession. Also, it can achieve low cost focus strategy through their logistic systems, reducing food wastes and increasing effectiveness of employees.Introduction.Mc Donalds, was originated in USA (California) in 1954, and has become one of the successful fast food scopes in the world. Also one of the most recognized and established brands in the world. To such a development it helps some successful business strategies which lined to its external environment (Macro environment) and the industry environment (Micro environment).This document discussed the success of McDonalds peculiarly in India and the strategies that they followed to reach the current position. Also, this provides a discussion of an analysis of why the company selects those strategies in response to the changing external environment to reach the goals. The company was able to establish around 30,000 franchising stores in 119 countr ies, localizeing around 47 million people each day and it generates about $ 15 billion revenues annually.In India, McDonalds is a 50-50 joint partnership business between McDonalds corporations USA and two Indian businessmen. It took them six years with an investment of 4 billion to build up their supply chain properly in the Indian market. Their first restaurant in India was opened in 1996 at New Delhi.By introducing differentiated menu products according to the Indian taste, improving logistics systems with better supplier relationships it began to spread all over the country rapidly.Now the company expanded in 34 cities in India by covering 132 outlets.N. Jadhav A.Shaikh 2010, Supply chain management, Perishable products (Restaurant chain)Presentations, viewed 19/12/2010, http//www.slideshare.net/sunilmbsingh/mcdonalds-final (Diagram 1)Porters Generic Strategy AnalysisPorters generic strategies framework provides a major contribution to the development of the strategic managem ent the company can achieve to their competitive advantages by differentiating their products and services from its competitors through low costs. Mc Donalds targeted their products and services by a broad target through covering most of the market places. Also, it attains competitive advantage through market segmentation using Porters differentiation focus strategy.8.1 Differentiation strategy of McDonaldsIn differentiation strategy, fast food chains need to be more selective in which products to offer more creative in their promotion strategy.McDonalds offers specialised (Regionalized) version of its menu. This leads to differentiate the products from other competitor products as well.Mc Grilled sandwiches in US Canada.Mc Chicken Premiere Zesty chicken in UK, France, Italy Belgium.To overcome their healthy issues Mc Donalds added salads other lighter options to its menu encourage people to visit more often.Product adaptation in India- Vegetarian selections, No bellyache or pork items, McMasalaWide variety of menu items according to the Indian menu itemsVegetable non vegetable products.Health conscious items.Local flavors.Food preferences IndiaB. Craig K. R. Dickson, eleventh December 2007, Supply chain management, Mc India pptPresentations, viewed 19/12/2010,http//www.slideshare.net/KRDickson/McIndia-Final-ppt (Diagram 2)Mc Donalds premium lineThey have introduced a group of products in early 2000s. It includes McDonalds larger chicken sandwich, salad line coffee products. Grilled chicken sandwiches are targeted different demographic markets. Mc Cafes located in Australia within the McDonalds restaurant.Types of restaurantsCounter service drive through (With indoor outdoor seating in Delhi.)McDrive locations near highways offer no counter services or seating.McCaf restaurants within the same McDonalds restaurants. (They increased gross sales by 60% from this strategy.)Expansion for the following locations as wellMore distribution centers wi thin 500 km radius.Satellite cities near Mumbai Delhi.Cities with tourist aggregation and eating out culture.Petrol stations, railway bus stations in around Delhi.Shopping malls and movie complexes (Delhi Mumbai)Differentiating promotion programsMcDonalds focused on superior expense performance during the time of economic crisis.Point of sales (POS) promotion programs.Combo meals. (Customers get more discounts through this.)Lottery for winning its products.Sampling activities to taste their products to a discount price.Internet promotions.TV and other media promotions.To differentiate with their competitors McDonalds tried to focus on its unique campaign.Im lovin it campaign to attract family.Feature artists to attract teenagers.Introduces wireless engineering science platform, by allowing their customers to access internet by creating an innovative environment.8.2 Cost leadership strategyUnder Porters competitive strategies, McDonalds uses an overall low-cost leadership stra tegy to funk cost increase sales.Higher profits resulting from sales through lower prices than competitors as the unit cost is lower.Mc Donalds is having a biggest market share out of completive fast food restaurants. Therefore, they increase sales by reducing price than competitors.Food ItemsMcDonaldsSubwayKFCPizza HutDominosBurgers PizzasRs 20- Rs 70Rs 65- Rs 135Rs 25- Rs clxxvRs 55- Rs 175(Regular)Rs 35-Rs 140(Regular)Combo MealsRs 49- Rs 119Rs 45- Rs 175Rs 55- Rs 150Rs 120- Rs 250Rs 120- Rs 230BeveragesRs 25- Rs 50Small- 300mlRs 35- Rs 45Small 300mlRs 30- Rs 55Small 300mlPet beverageMRP 600mlRs 30600 ml leaveRs 12-Rs 25Rs 20- Rs50Rs 15- Rs 65Rs 40- Rs 60Rs 25 100 mlCup of Baskin Robbins(Diagram 3)Market share (worldwide)CompanyStoresCountriesMarket shareMcDonalds3110812033.06%Burger King114555813.68%Wendys88112211.69%Hardeess3295152.78%Jack in the Box200013.67%(Diagram 4)McDonalds India Network competitorsCompanyOutlets (No.)Cities CoveredMcDonalds13234Pizza Hut13734Dominos2 2042Subway13132KFC3409(Diagram 5)Bruce Craig, Keith R. Dickson, International Business Management, Network competitors Online, available at http//www.slideshare.net/KRDickson/McIndia-Final-ppt 20/12/2010Through adding 700-900 restaurants annually, McDonalds enter new markets through lower prices.It shows a great barrier to entry for competitors to enter the industry.Through its strong centralized authority tight control, standardized procedures McDonalds takes most an efficiency approach.Key elements of McDonalds business strategyAdding 700-900 restaurants annually.Giving low price products, Extra offers through new menu items.Highly selective in granting franchises.Selects most convenient places to customers.Focused on express mail product lines through maintaining the quality.Extensive advertising.Proper HR management through equitable wage good training.McDonalds cost leadership strategy growth strategy is based onAdding new restaurants.Maximizing sales sales in existing re staurants.Improving profitability (globally)Success behind their business lies in the supreme of Think global, act local.They ensure that their structure fits with the international environment, but also have internal flexibility geographically.McDonalds has twice the market share of its closest competitor, Burger King.

Nativism Essay -- essays papers

NativismAll so called Native Americans, were once immigrants. There were two waves of immigration between the previous(predicate) 1800s through the early 1900s. The first wave of immigrants called the old immigrants came to America between 1890-1897. They were in the first place from Northern Europe Great Britain, Germ all, and Scandinavia. The second wave of immigrants called the new immigrants came to America from 1897-1924. The new immigrants primarily came from Southern and Eastern Europe countries such as Poland, Russia, and Italy. Nativist parties, like the Know-Nothings and the Order of the Star Spangled Banner verbalized their distaste and disapproval of immigrants. Actions and regulations against immigration did not begin until near the end of the old immigration and the beginning of the new immigration. Nativists had many fears and concerns regarding immigrants. These concerns included being socially ill-suited to live with the older received Americans, stealing jobs fr om the native work force, and bringing new, radical ideas to the rustic. These fears and concerns caused nativists to come up with schemes to keep immigrants out of the country. These strategies had a great impact on immigration in our country.Nativists had many concerns regarding immigrants. They feared that immigrants would take the jobs of native Americans because they were willing to work for very low wages. When the native work force went on strike many workers feared that many immigrants would evict them in the workplace. Another concern was that immigrants were hard to Americanize. These people came to American with their own culture, traditions, and language many of them didnt even know English. Many nativists resented immigrants because they permeated the city and do it unsafe and dirty. Their slums were breeding grounds for disease and violence. Nativists regarded immigrants as an inferior class of people. One of the theories to support this dispute was eugenics. Eugeni cs is the study of human heredity, aimed at improving the genetic quality of the human stock. The eugenics movement was an effort to grade races and ethnic groups according to their genetic qualities. Eugenicists claimed that immigrants were inferior to Anglo-Saxons and were polluting the pure American bloodstream. The sheer number of immigrants entering the country also scared many people. A. P... ...ch made it so intelligent immigrants were allowed into the country. In 1921, the Emergency Immigration Act was passed. This act made it so the number of aliens of any nationality admitted to the U.S. in a year could not exceed 3 percent of the number of foreign-born residents of that nationality living in the U.S. in 1910. Even though this heavily cut down the number of immigrants entering the country, the majority of the immigrants were new immigrants. This led to the National Origins Act in 1924. This act was harsher than the act of 1921 because it decreased the percentage of immi grants from 3% to 2%, and pushed the year from 1910 to 1890, thus making the majority of immigrants old immigrants.It is quite ironic that these nativists came to America for the same reasons as the immigrants who came in the time period of 1880-1925 however, they do not accept the immigrants who came in that period, just as they had once wanted to be accepted. Emma Lazarus The New Colossus, which is on the Statue of Liberty, reads Give me you tired, your poor, Your huddled mass desirous to breathe free, but in fact, many Americans, nativists, did not want these poor, huddled mass at all.

Technology and Prevention of War Through Time Travel :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Prevention of War Through Time TravelMy bring up was Randy Elliot. I was born twenty-six years past in 2003. I spent my childhood in a small town in Nevada. I joined the Marines right out of high school. to the highest degree three years ago I was informed of and asked to join an elite group working for the United States Marine Corps and Federal Bureau of Investigation. We atomic number 18 identified as H-1. There are five other people in my team known as H-1. We have no individual names. We live only as a team. We are the first, and most qualified, team working on Project Hillyer.When I was first asked to join in this project, I had no idea what the significance of the name Hillyer, but I had little knowledge of literature. Once I discovered the origin of the name, I was quite amused. The appropriateness of the name is great. Hillyer is the narrator and inventor of the automobile in the H. G. Wells novel, The Time Machine.The idea of this project is centered on the obvious a t ime machine. The original machine was invented three years ago and perfected about a year later. All I know about how it functions is what I see when entering. The area I am in is five hundred feet below the surface of the earth to help in preventing damage in case of nuclear war. It is a ball-shaped room about twenty feet in diameter. There is a small platform in the center of the sphere where the departing team is transported.My team is the first of 9 teams. Teams H-1, H-2, and H-3 are CHE prevention. CHEs, or Catastrophic Human Events, are events that create massive devastation and are the fault of humankind. Teams H-4, H-5, and H-6 are CNE warnings. They warn any effected country, state, or city of impending disaster due to a natural event such as an earthquake or tornado. These six teams are only allowed to go back a maximum of one month, but have full privileges to interact with whomever is necessary.The other three teams can go back as removed as needed, but they cannot, un der any circumstances, interact with any person or thing while timing, as we call it. They are the information gatherers. They go back and figure out the truths of our history books. At one point team H-8 discovered the truth about the extenction of the dinosaurs.